tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18790457585856759412024-02-08T10:24:06.455-08:00Revisiting the Boundaries of Economics"Revisiting the Boundaries of Economics: A Historical Perspective". A permanent workshop inviting speakers from a wide range of social disciplines to show the potential for a fully interdisciplinary approach to issues of traditional or relatively new interest to economists, such as methodology in relation to other social sciences, creativity, rationality, complexity, evolution, gift-giving.RBE Boardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17359228670261577319noreply@blogger.comBlogger13125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1879045758585675941.post-35791335125053811352012-09-03T03:05:00.002-07:002012-09-03T06:15:56.763-07:00Journée d'études: "(Econo)metrics: from Political Arithmetic to the Probability Revolution"<div style="text-align: center;">
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: large;">Programme de recherche</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: large;"><b>LES SAVOIRS QUANTITATIFS ET LES PRATIQUES ORGANISATIONNELLES</b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: large;">Workshop</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: large;"><b>REVISITING THE BOUNDARIES OF ECONOMICS</b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: large;"><b>A Historical Perspective</b></span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: large;"><b><i>3rd edition</i> </b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: 16pt;">JOURNÉE D'ÉTUDES</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">(Écono)métrie: de l’arithmétique politique </span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">à la révolution probabiliste</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>(Econo)metrics: from Political Arithmetic </span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">to the Probability Revolution </span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Rome, 7 September 2012</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">École française de Rome</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Piazza Navona, 62</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">00186 Roma</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Presentation</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">This workshop is jointly organized by the École Française de Rome and the Collegio Carlo Alberto (Moncalieri-Turin), and is part of two different series. In 2010 and 2011, the Collegio Carlo Alberto hosted two previous editions of the workshop <i>Revisiting the Boundaries of Economics: A Historical Perspective</i>, where important issues in economics were discussed from an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary point of view. This is the third edition of such workshop, focusing on metaphors and models which have been adopted from other sciences in order to conceptualize the measurement of the economic reality.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The École Française de Rome is on the other hand starting with this initiative a new research program, focused on Quantitative Knowledge and Organizational Practices: other meetings concerning (Ac)counting and (Market)ing will follow in 2013 and 2014. The focus of such program is on the relationship between quantification procedures and their impact on practices, not only as a special case in the relationship between knowledge and organization (power), but also as showing the complex processes affecting theories when applied in practice. The aim is to sketch down, for some crucial disciplines, a first map of the parallel historical evolution of their scientific status and their instrumentality, identifying at least the major discontinuities.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The workshop <i>(Econo)metrics: from Political Arithmetic to the Probability Revolution</i> links together both these interdisciplinary and pragmatist perspectives, focusing on the emergence of a probabilistic approach to the measurement of economic phenomena.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b>Organisation scientifique </b>:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Francesco Cassata (Università di Genova)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Giovanni Favero (Università Ca' Foscari, Venezia)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b>Contacts </b>:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">École française de Rome</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Histoire moderne et contemporaine</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Direction des études : François Dumasy</span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> <b> </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Secrétariat : Claire Challéat</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">tél. 0039 0668 601 244</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">courriel : <a href="mailto:secrmod@efrome.it">secrmod@efrome.it</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Collegio Carlo Alberto (Moncalieri, Torino)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Secrétariat : Chiara Girotti</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">tél. 0039 011 670 5060</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">courriel : <a href="mailto:chiara.girotti@carloalberto.org">chiara.girotti@carloalberto.org</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">PROGRAM</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>(<a href="http://boundaries-of-economics.blogspot.com/2012/09/econometrics-from-political-arithmetic.html" target="_blank">Program PDF</a> - </b><a href="http://boundaries-of-economics.blogspot.com/2012/09/econometrics-from-political-arithmetic_3.html" target="_blank"><b style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Abstracts</b></a>)</span></div>
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<b>Vendredi 7 septembre 2012</b></div>
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<b></b>École française de Rome<br />
Salle de conférence, 1er étage</div>
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<b>9h</b><br />
Accueil et introduction par <b>François<br />Dumasy</b> (École française de Rome) et<br />
<b>Roberto Marchionatti </b>(Università di Torino,<br />
Collegio Carlo Alberto)</div>
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Première session / Panel 1<br />
<b style="color: #6aa84f;">L’ECONOMETRIE AVANT L’ECONOMETRIE/<br />ECONOMETRICS BEFORE ECONOMETRICS</b> </div>
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Présidence / Chair : <b>Giovanni Favero</b><br />
(Università Ca’ Foscari, Venezia)</div>
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<b>9h30</b><br />
<b>Éric Brian </b>(EHESS, Paris), <i>L’état de la science de<br />la population en 1790 à Paris selon Marie-Marc-<br />Antoine BARAS.</i></div>
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<b>10h</b><br />
<b>Alain Desrosières </b>(INSEE, Paris), <i>Quantifier les<br />sciences sociales : une perspective historique et<br />comparative</i>.</div>
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Pause café / Coffee break</div>
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<b>10h45</b><br />
<b>Alberto Baffigi</b> (Banca d’Italia, Roma),<br />
<i>Symptoms and measurement : studying economic<br />reality in Italy before WWI</i>.</div>
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<b>11h15</b><br />
<b>Eric Chancellier</b> (Université de Lorraine,<br />
Metz), <i>The Early Years of the Bureau of<br />Agricultural Economics : Prices and crops outlook<br />studies, 1922-1930</i>.</div>
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<b>11h45 – 13h</b> : Discussion<br />
Modérateur : <b>Harro Maas</b> (Utrecht, University<br />
School of Economics)</div>
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Pause déjeuner / Lunch break</div>
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Deuxième session / Panel 2<br />
<b><span style="color: #6aa84f;">L’ECONOMETRIE AU VINGTIEME SIECLE</span><br style="color: #6aa84f;" /><span style="color: #6aa84f;">ET LE PROCESSUS DE CONSTRUCTION DU</span><br style="color: #6aa84f;" /><span style="color: #6aa84f;">MODELE / TWENTIETH-CENTURY</span><br style="color: #6aa84f;" /><span style="color: #6aa84f;">ECONOMETRICS AND THE PROCESS OF</span><br style="color: #6aa84f;" /><span style="color: #6aa84f;">MODEL BUILDING</span></b><br />
Présidence/Chair : <b>Francesco Cassata</b><br />
(Università di Genova)</div>
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<b>14h30<br />Michel Armatte</b> (Université Paris Dauphine et</div>
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Centre A. Koyré - EHESS, Paris), <i>Difficultés et<br />ambiguités d’une économétrie aléatoire</i>.</div>
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<b>15h</b><br />
<b>Ariane Dupont-Kieffer</b> (IFSTTAR), <i>Frisch's<br />Approach : Econometrics as the Science of<br />Measurement. Modelling as Intertwining between<br />Theoretical Analysis and Statistical Investigation</i>.</div>
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<b>15h30</b><br />
<b>Francisco Louçã</b> (ISEG-UECE, Lisboa),<br />
<i>Schumpeter, Frisch and Lucas : the Oscillations of<br />Economics while Dealing with Oscillations in the<br />Economies</i>.</div>
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Pause café / Coffee break</div>
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<b>16h15 – 17h </b>: Discussion<br />
Modérateur : <b>John C. Aldrich</b> (University of<br />
Southampton)</div>
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RBE Boardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17359228670261577319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1879045758585675941.post-82925566020453568332012-09-03T03:03:00.000-07:002012-09-03T03:07:39.839-07:00"(Econo)metrics: from Political Arithmetic to the Probability Revolution": Program (EN, FR)<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/104772431/JOURNEE-D-ETUDES-Econo-metrics-from-Political-Arithmetic-to-the-Probability-Revolution" style="display: block; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 12px auto 6px; text-decoration: underline;" title="View JOURNÉE D'ÉTUDES &quot;(Econo)metrics: from Political Arithmetic to the Probability Revolution&quot; on Scribd">JOURNÉE D'ÉTUDES "(Econo)metrics: from Political Arithmetic to the Probability Revolution"</a><iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" data-aspect-ratio="1.41503267973856" data-auto-height="true" frameborder="0" height="600" id="doc_42775" scrolling="no" src="http://www.scribd.com/embeds/104772431/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-cg3214xrs2v6sdr9roi" width="100%"></iframe></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/104772530/JOURNEE-D-ETUDES-Econo-metrics-from-Political-Arithmetic-to-the-Probability-Revolution" style="display: block; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 12px auto 6px; text-decoration: underline;" title="View JOURNÉE D'ÉTUDES &quot;(Econo)metrics: from Political Arithmetic to the Probability Revolution&quot; on Scribd"> </a><a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/104772530/JOURNEE-D-ETUDES-Econo-metrics-from-Political-Arithmetic-to-the-Probability-Revolution" style="display: block; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 12px auto 6px; text-decoration: underline;" title="View JOURNÉE D'ÉTUDES &quot;(Econo)metrics: from Political Arithmetic to the Probability Revolution&quot; on Scribd">JOURNÉE D'ÉTUDES "(Econo)metrie: de l'arithmétique à la révolution probabiliste"</a><iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" data-aspect-ratio="1.41503267973856" data-auto-height="true" frameborder="0" height="600" id="doc_62093" scrolling="no" src="http://www.scribd.com/embeds/104772530/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-23wzjwxjs5vva11u572u" width="100%"></iframe></div>
RBE Boardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17359228670261577319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1879045758585675941.post-28968942546445374292012-09-03T03:00:00.000-07:002012-09-03T06:12:41.728-07:00"(Econo)metrics: from Political Arithmetic to the Probability Revolution": Abstracts<div class="western" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: 16pt;">JOURNÉE D'ÉTUDES</span></div>
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<div style="color: #6aa84f;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">(Écono)métrie: de l’arithmétique politique </span></b></span></div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">à la révolution probabiliste</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><br />(Econo)metrics: from Political Arithmetic </span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><span style="font-size: large;">to the Probability Revolution</span> </span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Rome, 7 September 2012</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">École française de Rome</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Piazza Navona, 62</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">00186 Roma</span></div>
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<b><i>-----------------------------------</i></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: black;">Abstracts</span><i><br /></i></b></div>
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<b><i>Quantifying the Social Sciences: An Historical and Comparative
Perspective</i></b></div>
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<b>Alain
Desrosières (INSEE, Paris)</b></div>
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The
various social sciences have gradually been quantified since the
middle of the 19th Century. This quantification was seen as a symbol
of the attainment of a scientific status, comparable to that enjoyed
by natural sciences: “There is no science without measure",
said a slogan of the 19th Century. But this process followed
different paths for each of these disciplines. If the history of the
process of quantification is now well documented by several studies,
less frequent are the attempts to compare social sciences from this
point of view. The way each science did integrate the statistical and
probabilistic tools tells something not only about its own
epistemology and methodology, but also, in the sociology of science
perspective, about its actors, its networks, its norms, its criteria
of legitimacy, its controversies.
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Without
actually replying to such a broad question, we will propose here a
small comparative panel including five disciplines: history,
sociology, political science, economics and psychology. Each one is
in itself a complex world, split into different trends, into
“schools” implying different paradigms; and controversies, when
they are not harsh conflicts, are usually present. However, what
distinguishes a disciplinary field is a relative agreement on <i>what
people do not agree about</i>, where the people concerned are quite
used to confrontation. On the other hand, confrontations between one
discipline and another are unusual, for reasons related to the
sociological boundaries of academic and scientific communities. Each
discipline is a disciplined world, largely confined to itself, with
its vocabulary, its paradigms, its institutions, its chairs, its
journals. That's why choosing the history of quantification as an
interpretative framework and as a symptom of something that would be
characteristic of these five worlds, may be a good idea, even if this
exercise is very simplistic.</div>
<br />
<br />
<i><span lang="en-GB"><b>Symptoms</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>
and Measurement: Studying Economic Reality in France and Italy Before
WWI </b></span><span lang="en-GB"> </span></i><br />
<br />
<div style="color: black;">
<b><span lang="en-GB">Alberto Baffigi (Banca d’Italia)</span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="western" lang="en-US" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<div class="western" lang="it-IT" style="color: black;">
<br />
<a href="http://www.bancaditalia.it/wavemaster.internal/bdi/images/logo.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.bancaditalia.it/wavemaster.internal/bdi/images/logo.gif" /></a><span lang="en">In
the late eighties of the nineteenth century, scholars such as the
Austrian Franz Xaver von Neumann-Spallart (1837-1888) and French
Alfred de Foville (1842-1918) made important contributions that
favored the rapprochement between economics and statistics. The
economic depression in the seventies had strengthend scholar’s
awareness of the intrinsic instability of the economic system which
was born with the industrial revolution. This led economists to use
the information and statistical methods available to measure and
predict the behavior of economic activity. The scholars engaged in
the new discipline behaved, metaphorically, as the doctor who
performs diagnostics on the human body; they performed interpretation
of signs: economic semiology. This line of research witnesses the
need of the economists to bridge the gap between theory and economic
reality.</span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en" style="color: black;">
The history of economic semiology shows
that the development of this discipline was largely a French and
Italian business: the main founder of the discipline, De Foville was
French. The Italian Maffeo Pantaleoni, who was one of the main
promoters of this line of research, wrote an important theoretical
article about semiology, in 1892, in French, on Charle Gide’s <i>Revue
d'économie politique</i>. Pantaleoni was very influential and had an
impact on Rodolfo Benini, on Giorgio Mortara, Costantino Ottolenghi
and the Belgian statistician Armand Julin. In 1913, during the
fourteenth session of the International Institute of Statistics,
Julin presented a proposal to establish, within the Institute, a
special commission appointed to study the statistical methods related
to semiology. Among the sixteen subscribers of the proposal we find
Rodolfo Benini, Maffeo Pantaleoni and Lucien March. In a rapid survey
of the major contributions in the history of the discipline, also
listed Julin, in addition to his work, that of the two founders of
the discipline, Neumann-Spallart and de Foville, those of French
André Liesse (1854-1954) and Yves Guyot (1843-1928), and those of
Rodolfo Benini (1862-1956), Augusto Bosco (1859-1906) and Maffeo
Pantaleoni (1857-1924).
</div>
<div class="western" lang="en" style="color: black;">
Although not strangers to the positivist
culture, proponents of economic semiology did not identify knowledge
with scientific induction. The facts bear, ultimately, no
informational content if they are not observed through the lenses of
a theory previously developed to detect and interpret them. As
pointed out by Rodolfo Benini, in its <i>Principi di statistica
metodologica </i>(1906), "regular patterns found in observed
cases cannot be extended to cases outside of our observational field,
without a bridge between the known and the unknown. This bridge is
the hypothesis". It is not useless here to remind that only 4
years earlier Henri Poincaré had expressed his conventionalist
epistemological view in “La science et l’hypothese”.</div>
<div class="western" lang="en" style="color: black;">
The economic semiology should be framed
in the contemporary epistemological debate that, aware of the process
of crisis of positivism, looked for a solution inside the science, in
the accurate definition of the problems of scientific research,
language and logic; these thinkers rejected irrational opposition to
positivism, keeping their positions far from idealism and from the
“post-modern” nietzschean position. The rise of economic
semiotics required a change of perspective, a way out of the doldrums
where the positivist metaphysics had ended up. Upstream of the drive
to study the symptoms of the economic movement, there was an
anti-realist and empiricist epistemological shift, there was logic
pragmatism and Empiriocriticism. Only this change of path could give
rise to semiology: the interpretation of signs requires a theory, a
logical theoretical framework within which to bring the symptoms
observed, which otherwise would be meaningless accidents.
</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<i><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The Early Years of the Bureau
of Agricultural Economics. Price and Crop Outlook Studies, 1922-1930</b></span></i></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-US" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br />
<b>Eric Chancellier </b>(University of Lorraine)<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-US" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="western" lang="en-US" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.univ-lorraine.fr/sites/www.univ-lorraine.fr/files/logo-universite-de-lorraine.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.univ-lorraine.fr/sites/www.univ-lorraine.fr/files/logo-universite-de-lorraine.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">The U.S. Department of
Agriculture decided to create on July 1, 1922, the Bureau of
Agricultural Economics (BAE). The agricultural depression of the
early 1920’s, which brought change in relative prices of farm
products as well as a general lowering of the farmer’s purchasing
power, gave the signal for renewed emphasis on the study of the
dynamic forces which bring about price changes and for a study of the
possibilities of a reshaping of agriculture to adjust supply to
demand on the basis of a satisfactory price. Henry C. Taylor – head
of BAE – began an ambitious program of producing an annual outlook
for agricultural production and prices. He developed a program for
collecting agricultural statistics and for developing quantitative
methods in order to forecast prices commodity and crops (Taylor and
Taylor, 1954). This paper is organized as follows. The first section
will present the new method of the BAE about the analysis of prices.
We will use the works of Bean (1929a, 1929b) and Ezekiel (1923, 1924)
- BAE economists -. These authors develop a new analytical method -
multiple and partial correlation method - designed to better
understand the formation of agricultural prices. Our second section
will be devoted to the crop forecasting. For this, the BAE study
focuses on three directions: the estimation of acreage (Bean, 1930),
the estimation of crop yields (Smith, 1925a) and the impact of
weather on crops (Smith, 1925b). All these authors use extensively
the correlation tool to enable better predictions.</span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-US" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Bean L.H. </b>1929a. A
Simplified Method of Graphic Curvi<span lang="en-GB">linear
Correlation. </span><i>Journal of the American Statistical
Association, </i>24(168) : 386-397.</span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-US" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>_______. </b>1929b. The
farmers’ response to price. <i>Journal of Farm Economics</i>,
11(3): 368-385.</span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-US" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>_______. </b></span><span style="font-size: x-small;">1930.
Application of a simplified method of correlation to problems in
acreage and yield variations. </span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Journal
of the American Statistical Association, </i></span><span style="font-size: x-small;">25(172):
428-439.</span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-US" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Ezekiel M. </b>1923. On the
use of partial correlation in the analysis of farm management data.
<i>Journal of Farm Economics, </i>5(4): 198-213.</span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-US" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>_______. </b>1924. A
method of handling curvilinear correlation for any number of
variables. <i>Journal of the American Statistical Association,
</i>19(148): 431-453.</span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-US" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Smith B.B. </b>1925a.
Forecasting the acreage of cotton. <i>Journal of the American
Statistical Association, </i>20(149): 31-47.</span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-US" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>_______. </b>1925b.
Relation between weather conditions and yield of cotton in Louisiana.
<i>Journal of Agricultural Research, </i>30: 1083-1086.</span></div>
<div class="western" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Taylor
H.C. et Taylor A.D. </b>1952. <i>The story of agricultural economics
in the United States, 1840-1932. Men, services, ideas. </i>Iowa State
College Press, Iowa.</span></div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: small;">Difficulties and
ambiguities of a probabilistic econometrics</span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></i></b></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Michel Armatte</b> </span>(Université
Paris Dauphine et EHESS/ Centre A. Koyré)<span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="western" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div class="western" lang="en-US" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">The
history of econometrics is now rich of many studies, but it has
suffered from an internalist methodological vision that singled it
out of the history of science and of the same socio-political context
where it developed, and from a hagiographic enthusiasm that made it a
too easy success story. As some recent researches suggest (eg Boumans
and Dupont-Kieffer, 2011), the now growing rejection toward a
paradigm that was depleted in the 1980s allows us to revisit this
history with new questions. We propose here to read the history of
econometrics in light of the questions concerning the possibility of
a probabilistic economics. The probabilistic economic modeling, seen through
its various dimensions – metaphysical (ontological vs. epistemic
chance), mathematical (the basis of probable calculation),
statistical (frequentist or subjectivist estimate), and pragmatic
(the social effects it produced) – has indeed been paid little
attention by standard historiography.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">We will start from two puzzling
questions:</span></div>
<ol style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="font-size: small;">Historians should explain how a
paradigm supported by a small group of people (the Cowles
Commission), well trained in mathematics, probability and statistics,
was able to convince a global community of economists, who were
totally ignorant or allergic to any consideration of randomness and of
probability calculus, that the solution to economic issues went
through structural and probabilistic modeling. Only a bundle of
reasons related to the specific scientific regimes of WW2 and of the
Cold War can explain this.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">In 1859, the statistical physics of
Maxwell and Boltzmann, as well as the Darwinian theory of the
evolution of species, revolutionized these two disciplines by giving
chance - a chance which was not epistemic, but ontologic (or
objective, as Cournot said) - a constitutive place in their theory.
Following the studies of the Bielefeld group on the probabilistic
revolution, and some other historical works, it seems that the
economic thought did not experience a similar revolution either in
the nineteenth century, nor in the 1930s with the IES.</span></li>
</ol>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">This paper will remind that the
econometricians' reference to Cournot concerned almost exclusively
his concept of a mathematical economics, and not the idea of
objective chance. On the other hand, as long as randomness and
probability are concerned, a reference to Quetelet and Yule would be
more fit to the econometrics of Tinbergen and Frisch, and of the IES,
and even of the Cowles Commission. The type of chance that presides
over the randomness affecting the economic relations could be
identified with an error or a noise disturbing a deterministic
relationship, rather than with an intrinsic variability of the
concerned actors and phenomena. The project of unifying the
mathematical and statistical approaches that was its creed was
largely hampered by the exclusion of the hazard, which was evident in
the works and correspondence of its founders I. Fisher, C. Gini, R.
Frisch and F. Divisia. We will reassess their positioning with regard
to randomness and probability, and, following Morgan, Le Gall, and
Mirowski, we will revisit the manifesto by Haavelmo (1944) and a text
by Marschak (1948) that are at the heart of the Cowles Commission's
creed in a probabilistic structural econometrics, in order to detect
the justifications, the interpretations, and the limitations
affecting the introduction of randomness in economics.</span></div>
<div class="western" lang="it-IT" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" lang="it-IT" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" lang="it-IT" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><b><span lang="en-US">Frisch's Approach: Econometrics as the Science
of Measurement. Modelling as Intertwining between Theoretical Analysis
and Statistical Investigation</span></b></i></div>
<div class="western" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="western" lang="en-US" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0.49cm; margin-top: 0.49cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><b></b></i>
</div>
<div class="western" lang="it-IT" style="margin-bottom: 0.49cm; margin-top: 0.49cm;">
<span lang="fr-FR"><b style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Ariane Dupont-Kieffer</b><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> (Université Paris-Est, IFSTTAR, DEST)</span> </span>
</div>
<div class="western" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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This paper aims to investigate how Ragnar
Frisch has based econometrics on a specific articulation between
theoretical measurement and empirical measurement. His starting point
is to show that humankind has a constant need to believe in the
existence of regularities ruling the physical world as well as the
social one, and in the fact that the understanding of these
regularities allows human beings to influence their environment. The
knowledge of these regularities is rooted in Frisch’s perspective
on the synthesis of a reductionist reasoning and of a physicalist
approach. This conception of science begins with three requirements:
1) the use of mathematical tools for scientific investigation on the
equation between scientific laws and quantitative laws, 2) the
primacy of measurement procedures in the scientific work and 3) the
need to articulate theoretical measurement and the empirical one.
These three requirements explain the key role played by the model in
his process of scientific discovery. The model is then a “mediator”
according to the analysis developed by Morgan and Morrison (1999)
between economic theory - the corpus developed around the works of
Walras, Marshall, Pareto and mainly Irving Fisher - and the “reality”
as “reflected” in the statistical data, and modeling leads Frisch
to define a specific methodology of experiment.<span style="font-size: small;"><i><b><span style="color: #6aa84f;"> </span></b></i></span></div>
<div class="western" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><b><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Schumpeter, Frisch
and Lucas: The Oscillations of Economics while Dealing with Oscillations in the Economies</span></b></i></span>
</div>
<div class="western" lang="it-IT" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Francisco
Louçã</b>, ISEG-UECE, Lisboa</span></div>
<div class="western" lang="it-IT" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
</div>
<div class="western" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://cemapre.iseg.utl.pt/educonf/2e3/img/uece.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="118" src="http://cemapre.iseg.utl.pt/educonf/2e3/img/uece.jpeg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">The paper compares the
discussions between Joseph Schumpeter and Ragnar Frisch, in the
early thirties, and the discussions introduced by Robert Lucas and
the RBC school, more than fifty years later, on the nature (and
models) of oscillations in the economies.<br />Typically, economics
addressed these oscillations in the general equilibrium framework,
and the distinction between an impulse system and a propagation
apparatus was instrumental for such purpose. Yet, many
econometricians suspected and discussed this framework, even some of
the more unsuspected lawyers of general equilibrium.<br />These
discussions highlight early approaches of complexity in economics.</span></div>
RBE Boardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17359228670261577319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1879045758585675941.post-23502519909546357742011-04-01T02:50:00.000-07:002011-04-04T10:03:00.380-07:00Revisiting the Boundaries of Economics: Workshop 2011<div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: 16pt;">WORKSHOP</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: 16pt;"><b>REVISITING THE BOUNDARIES OF ECONOMICS</b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: 16pt;"><b>A Historical Perspective</b></span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: 16pt;"><b><i>2nd edition</i> </b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>Collegio Carlo Alberto, Moncalieri (Torino, Italy)</b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>May 19, 2011</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">h. 9.15</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: #f1c232; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">Keynote Lecture</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">Marshall Sahlins<span style="font-variant: small-caps;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">(University of Chicago)</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">Infrastructuralism; or the anthropology of economic practice</span></i></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
<br />
<div style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: -1.1pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 7.05pt; padding-right: 7.05pt; padding-top: 0cm;" valign="top"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">10-13.30</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #f1c232;"><b><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">Anthropology and the Criticism of Economic Ideology</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">Roberto Marchionatti</span></b><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;"> (Università di Torino)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">The decreasing returns of economic imperialism. The case of primitive societies</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">Mario Cedrini </span></b><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">(Università del Piemonte Orientale)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">Mauss vs. Smith on the universal "propensity in human nature ... to truck, barter and exchange"</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">Francesco Guala </span></b><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">(Università di Milano)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">Economics, anthropology and the evolution of cooperation</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">Discussants: </span></i><b><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">Marshall Sahlins</span></b><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;"> (University of Chicago) <i>and </i><b>Vincenzo Crupi</b> (Università di Torino)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">14.30-17.30 </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #f1c232;"><b><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">A Transdisciplinary Perspective: Biology, Physics and Economics</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">Tiziano Raffaelli</span></b><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;"> (Università di Pisa)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">Marshall's economics between mechanics, biology and beyond </span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">Clement Levallois</span></b><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;"> (Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">From "economics as biology" to "economics is biology": 1950-2010 </span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">Enrico Scalas</span></b><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;"> (Università del Piemonte Orientale)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">Probability in economics: some suggestions from statistical physics </span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">Discussants: </span></i><b><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">Telmo Pievani </span></b><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 13pt;">(Università di Milano-Bicocca) <i>and</i> <b>Domenico Delli Gatti </b>(Università Cattolica, Milano)</span></div></td></tr>
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<div style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: -1.1pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 20pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-variant: small-caps;">Organization</span></b><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-variant: small-caps;">:</span><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype";"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype";"><a href="mailto:roberto.marchionatti@unito.it">Roberto Marchionatti</a>, <a href="mailto:francesco.cassata@unito.it">Francesco Cassata</a>, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype";"><a href="mailto:mario.cedrini@eco.unipmn.it">Mario Cedrini</a>, <a href="mailto:vincenzo.crupi@unito.it">Vincenzo Crupi</a></span></div></td></tr>
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</tbody></table></div></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 20pt; text-align: center;"><br />
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -4.1pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype";">Segreteria organizzativa</span></b><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype";">: </span></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -4.1pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype";"><a href="mailto:mario.cedrini@eco.unipmn.it">Mario Cedrini</a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype";"> (Università del Piemonte Orientale, </span><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype";">+39 349 78 41 361)</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype";"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype";"><a href="mailto:leanne.duggan@carloalberto.org">Leanne Duggan</a> (Collegio Carlo Alberto, </span><span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype";">+39 011 670 5001)</span></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Palatino Linotype"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span> </span></div></div><a href="http://www.unito.it/unitoWAR/framework/skins/libreria/images/logouni_alldx.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="103" src="http://www.unito.it/unitoWAR/framework/skins/libreria/images/logouni_alldx.jpg" width="200" /></a><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.carloalberto.org/files/april16_eccworkshop.pdf"><b><br />
</b></a></span></div></div><a href="http://www.coripe.unito.it/images/layout/logo_fondazione.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="33" src="http://www.coripe.unito.it/images/layout/logo_fondazione.gif" width="200" /></a><b style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: small;">Per <b>scaricare</b> il programma in <b>pdf</b>:</span></div></div><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/52254188/RBE-II-workshop" style="display: block; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 12px auto 6px; text-decoration: underline;" title="View RBE II workshop on Scribd">RBE II workshop</a><iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" data-aspect-ratio="0.707514450867052" data-auto-height="false" frameborder="0" height="400" id="doc_76822" scrolling="no" src="http://www.scribd.com/embeds/52254188/content?start_page=1&view_mode=list&access_key=key-pabsvuj8viilo45bhm9" width="400"></iframe></div><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: x-small;">COLLEGIO CARLO ALBERTO</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: x-small;">VIA REAL COLLEGIO 30, MONCALIERI (TORINO)</span></b></div><div align="center"><iframe frameborder="0" height="300" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.it/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=it&geocode=&q=via+real+collegio+30,+moncalieri&sll=41.442726,12.392578&sspn=16.355419,39.418945&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=Via+Real+Collegio,+30,+10024+Moncalieri+Torino,+Piemonte&ll=45.000253,7.684851&spn=0.018207,0.025749&z=14&iwloc=A&output=embed" width="300"></iframe><br />
<small><a href="http://maps.google.it/maps?f=q&source=embed&hl=it&geocode=&q=via+real+collegio+30,+moncalieri&sll=41.442726,12.392578&sspn=16.355419,39.418945&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=Via+Real+Collegio,+30,+10024+Moncalieri+Torino,+Piemonte&ll=45.000253,7.684851&spn=0.018207,0.025749&z=14&iwloc=A" style="color: blue; text-align: left;">Visualizzazione ingrandita della mappa</a></small></div>RBE Boardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17359228670261577319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1879045758585675941.post-80876059727027066782011-01-12T10:53:00.001-08:002011-04-04T10:09:05.567-07:00RBE I Workshop: Robert Leonard, "Karl Menger's Modernism: Aesthetics, Politics and Social Science"<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: small;">WORKSHOP</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: small;"><b>REVISITING THE BOUNDARIES OF ECONOMICS</b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: small;"><b>A Historical Perspective</b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>Collegio Carlo Alberto, Moncalieri (Torino, Italy)</b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>April 16, 2010</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>ROBERT LEONARD</b> </span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB">Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) </span><br />
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</div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><div style="color: #6fa8dc;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">Karl Menger’s Modernism: Aesthetics,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">Politics and Social Science</span></b></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-GB">Excerpt</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB">From the beginning of my reading and archival work on Menger, both at the Illinois Institute of Technology and at Duke, I noticed his frequent references to the sphere of art and aesthetics. While this is something that is discussed only occasionally in the correspondence I have examined thus far, much of which is taken up with detailed mathematical matters, it does feature in his posthumously published <u>Reminiscences</u> (1994), in both their archival draft- and published versions. At some points in his publications too, aesthetic considerations are important. Finally, the visual arts occupied a significant place in Menger’s life. All of this, taken together, seemed to point towards something of greater than incidental importance, worthy of closer examination.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1879045758585675941&postID=1009333194228468051#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span></span></a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/17/KarlMenger.jpg/225px-KarlMenger.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/17/KarlMenger.jpg/225px-KarlMenger.jpg" width="155" /></a><span lang="EN-GB">Menger was actively interested in modern art of various kinds and, if one is to judge by various <i>obiter dicta</i>, he was also <i>self-consciously</i> Modern – aware of the novelty and perhaps even slightly scandalous nature of his artistic tastes. In the mid-1920’s, when he was in his early 20’s, he developed an interest for the work of certain graphic artists of the period, including those by the Duch avant-garde. In the period 1925-27, not only did Menger live in The Netherlands, he spent the first year or so in Laren, an artists’ colony outside Amsterdam, where his then-mentor Ludwig Brouwer lived. During that time, he travelled to Paris to see Piet Mondrian’s studio, and at some point he acquired for his own Vienna apartment modern furniture in the style of that made by <i>De Stijl</i>. In Vienna, he discussed art with Clara Wittgenstein, the philosopher’s aunt, and he visited, and admired, the Stonborough House, which Ludwig had designed for his sister Margarethe. He spent the academic year 1930-31 in the U.S., first at Harvard, then at the Rice Institute in Texas. In Cambridge, Massachussetts, he engaged both Harvard’s George Birkhoff and MIT’s Norbert Wiener in discussions of aesthetics, a subject on which the former was actively working at the time. Travelling across the U.S., Menger was greatly taken by the Native art of the American Southwest. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB">Not only was Menger interested in art, but he drew connections between mathematical and artistic creativity. It would not be an exaggeration to say that he saw mathematics as an art form, albeit one that had its rules and often showed itself to be relevant to science. In Vienna in the late 1920’s and early 1930’s, when defending complete freedom in the pursuit of abstract mathematics in the context of the foundational debates, he invoked the very Modern defence of “Art for Art’s Sake”. When he opposed Otto Neurath’s campaign for Unified Science, it was not because of any belief in a distinction between the natural and social sciences (regardless of what Menger Sr. may have written), but because he believed that trying to view mathematics as a sharply-defined “science” was to ignore the <i>artistic</i> nature of mathematical and scientific creativity. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB">When Menger moved to the U.S., he soon left the University of Notre Dame for the Illinois Institute of Technology, whose campus was then being built by Mies van der Rohe, and the architecture of which Menger likened to the work of Mondrian. In 1943, with encouragement from Walter Gropius, Menger’s wife Hilda developed a children’s game in architectural blocks, designed as an aid in cultural and political education. In 1952, at the Chicago’s Museum of Science and Industry, Menger organised a geometry exhibition, another “aesthetic space”, not unreminiscent of Mondrian’s studio, designed in this case to present the wonders of geometry to a broader audience.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB">This essay is a tentative and preliminary attempt to explore Menger from an aesthetical point of view, to examine him from the perspective of the psychology of style. In a series of interconnected vignettes, we consider his engagement with the realm of artistic creation, looking at the places he lived, the things with which he surrounded himself, with a view to understanding how his imagination worked. We see the resonance between the geometrical structures he explored as a mathematician, some of which could be seen by the eye, and the structures he admired in Modern art. We see in Menger a concern for simplicity, clarity and sharp definition, aesthetic qualities that, for him, had political ramifications. We consider the abstract theoretical structures he construed in his 1934 book in sociology, and probe the psychological, aesthetic and political dimensions of that work. </span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br clear="all" /></div><hr size="1" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" width="33%" /><div id="ftn1"><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1879045758585675941&postID=1009333194228468051#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> It is interesting to observe how ideas evolve. In one or two unpublished papers in the mid-1990’s, I began groping towards an understanding of the place of art in the economics and social science of interwar Vienna. However, in the published work that eventually grew out of that (with the exception of a paper on Neurath), the artistic dimension essentially disappeared, focused, as it was, on developments in economics and game theory. In the latter stages of my work on that, however, particularly through my explorations of von Neumann, I found myself once again confronted with questions of aesthetics and style. This time, it was style in mathematics and the manner in which it assumed political importance in Germany in the 1930’s. In short, I learned to see von Neumann’s game theory not merely as something stimulated by the politics of the late 1930’s but as the reassertion of a “Modern”, Hilbertian style in the face of such political chaos, an idea I now see to be quite congruent with Jeremy Gray’s new broad portrayal of mathematical Modernism. All of this has given me fresh impetus to return to exploring the social sciences in relation to the various expressions of Modernism in the first half of the 20<sup>th</sup> century. </span><br />
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<span lang="EN-GB"><b>Want to read the full article? Contact us (see RBE Contacts in the <a href="http://boundaries-of-economics.blogspot.com/">home page</a>)</b></span></div></div></div></div>RBE Boardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17359228670261577319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1879045758585675941.post-51583265014059378282011-01-12T10:52:00.001-08:002011-01-12T10:52:54.997-08:00RBE I Workshop: Bruna Ingrao, "The Imaginative Faculty. Cognition in the Arts versus Rationality in Economics"<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: small;">WORKSHOP</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: small;"><b>REVISITING THE BOUNDARIES OF ECONOMICS</b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: small;"><b>A Historical Perspective</b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>Collegio Carlo Alberto, Moncalieri (Torino, Italy)</b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>April 16, 2010</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>BRUNA INGRAO </b> </span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Dipartimento di Economia, Università di Roma La Sapienza</span>.</span><br />
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</div></div><div style="color: #6fa8dc;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">The Imaginative Faculty. Cognition in the Arts versus Rationality in Economics</span></b></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-GB">Abstract</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Daniel_KAHNEMAN.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Daniel_KAHNEMAN.jpg" /></a><span lang="EN-GB">Conceiving the way markets work means conceiving the cognitive capabilities which traders use meeting in exchange. Both purely intellectual and relational abilities are involved in market transactions, though in economic literature the first ones captured most of the attention. Along the twentieth century cognitive capabilities have been at the core of controversies in game theory, macroeconomics, economics of information, industrial organization. Research in behavioural economics underlined that people are not optimizing performers according to the paradigm of algorithmic rationality assumed as the normative standard of human cognition in mainstream economics since the marginalist revolution. People are prone to commit fallacies or systematic mistakes in logical reasoning and to violate coherence in choice. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
<span lang="EN-GB">The paper argues that the divergence from the paradigm of algorithmic rationality has been argued mainly from the pessimistic side, underlying the limits of human cognitive capabilities. On the contrary, the author underlines the effectiveness of human intelligence in performing rational, constructive tasks, neither through routines nor through algorithmic rationality, but through the visionary capability that is the proper mark of human thought. The plastic power of imaginative intelligence is illustrated with reference to artwork, showing how perceptive illusions are used as linguistic instruments in the arts. The author underlines the importance of imaginative intelligence in a wide spectrum of economic activities.</span></div><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1879045758585675941&postID=1009333194228468051#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""></a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
<span lang="EN-GB"><b>Want to read the full article? Contact us (see RBE Contacts in the <a href="http://boundaries-of-economics.blogspot.com/">home page</a>)</b></span></div>RBE Boardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17359228670261577319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1879045758585675941.post-7177802826465912232011-01-12T10:50:00.003-08:002011-01-12T10:50:56.289-08:00RBE I Workshop: Vincenzo Crupi, "Progress and Revolutions in Economics: The legacy of a Debate"<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: small;">WORKSHOP</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: small;"><b>REVISITING THE BOUNDARIES OF ECONOMICS</b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: small;"><b>A Historical Perspective</b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>Collegio Carlo Alberto, Moncalieri (Torino, Italy)</b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>April 16, 2010</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>VINCENZO CRUPI </b></span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB">Department of Critical Care, University of Florence; Department of Philosophy, University of Turin</span><span lang="EN-GB">.</span><br />
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</div></div><div style="color: #6fa8dc;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">Progress and Revolutions in Economics: The Legacy of a Debate</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
<b><span lang="EN-GB">Excerpt</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><i><a href="http://www.enc.hu/1enciklopedia/fogalmi/filoz/lakatos_imre.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.enc.hu/1enciklopedia/fogalmi/filoz/lakatos_imre.jpg" /></a>1. Economics, philosophy of science and method</i><br />
Historically, economics and philosophy of science have been interacting at least from Stuart Mill’s through Keynes’s writings and right up to quite recent times (e.g., in the work of Herbert Simon). Indeed, there certainly exist shared issues of concern across the two disciplines, a paramount example being the notion of rationality. Economics, moreover, as a scientific endeavor itself, is a legitimate – and in fact fascinating – domain of inquiry and analysis for philosophers of science. On the other hand, there have been proposals of a broadly “economic” approach to methodological problems traditionally discussed in the philosophy of science (see, e.g., Radnitzky, 1987; Zamora Bonilla, 1997).<br />
The purpose of the present contribution is to comment on one episode of interaction that has been relatively intense, here presented under the heading of a debate concerning “progress” and “revolutions” in economics. In contemporary philosophy of science, a strong emphasis on progress – meant as growth across substantial change – has been introduced by Karl Popper. [1] A similar role has been played by Thomas Kuhn for the occurrence of revolutions as relatively unusual and dramatic events breaking up lines of otherwise conservative development of scientific research (“normal science”). By associating progress and revolutions, I mostly mean to point to the work of Imre Lakatos, often perceived as “a convex combination of Popper and Kuhn” (Archibald, 1979, p. 304).<br />
Lakatos is an important, though somewhat controversial, figure in twentieth century philosophy of science. Notably, his premature death in 1974 interrupted a marked approaching trajectory towards economics and the social sciences. Across his writings in the philosophy of science, for instance, Marxism has been increasingly present as a case-study of methodological appraisal (Lakatos, 1970, 1974). He also concluded his last lecture series in 1973 stating that the Department of Logic, Philosophy and Scientific Method at the LSE (of which he was the Director) would have welcomed any young scholar willing to tackle problems concerning methodology in the social sciences (Lakatos, 1999). As an editor of the British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, moreover, he had promoted the publication of early contributions in this vein (Latsis, 1972; Urbach, 1974). Finally, he had organized for 1974, but did not live to attend, a celebrated conference in Napfilion (Greece) devoted to methodological appraisal in economics; the publication of the conference proceedings (Latsis, 1976a) essentially inaugurated the “rise and fall” of his philosophical views in debates on methodological issues in economics (Backhouse, 2008). As for the fall, it took about fifteen years to arrive: the majority of the contributors of a similar conference in 1989 expressed an overall negative assessment concerning Lakatos’ methodological analyses as providing a guide for the study economic research and its development (see De Marchi & Blaug, 1991).<br />
Based on the above brief reconstruction, the debate on progress and revolutions in economics looks like an essentially closed dossier. Moreover, the alleged failure of Lakatos’s approach has been announced repeatedly, in philosophy even earlier than in the economic literature (see Agassi, 1971; Feyerabend, 1975; Pera, 1989; McCloskey, 1993). In consideration of all this, the present contribution displays a somewhat heretic, partly provocative, point of view. Let me present, crudely and apodictically, the main tenets of my discussion. Some (though not all) of the following statements will be subsequently provided with supporting arguments and remarks.<br />
(i) Lakatos’s account of scientific methodology has been convincingly refined and fruitfully developed, mostly by the contributions of two of his colleagues and followers: John Worrall (see 1976, 1989a, 2006) and Paul E. Meehl (see 1990, 1992).<br />
(ii) As for a viable understanding of general issues about method and progress in science, Lakatos’s framework (now updated and refined) remains a highly valuable starting point – probably still the best available.<br />
(iii) The “disenchantment” for Lakatosian views among scholars in economic methodology (Hausman, 2008) has been importantly fostered by a line of argument which is unsound in crucial respects.<br />
(iv) As a consequence, the debate on progress and revolutions in economics across the Seventies and Eighties has to be seen as a largely missed chance to improve methodological insight concerning economic research.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">[1] E.g.: “Science is one of the very few human activities – perhaps the only one – in which […] we can speak clearly and sensibly about making progress […]. In most other fields of human endeavour there is change, but rarely progress.” (Popper, 1963, pp. 216–217).</div><br />
<span lang="EN-GB"><b>Want to read the full article? Contact us (see RBE Contacts in the <a href="http://boundaries-of-economics.blogspot.com/">home page</a>)</b></span>RBE Boardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17359228670261577319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1879045758585675941.post-41575901640905586522011-01-12T10:48:00.001-08:002011-01-12T10:49:14.806-08:00RBE I Workshop: Pietro Terna, "Complexity and Economics, Reading Notes for a Discussion"<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: small;">WORKSHOP</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: small;"><b>REVISITING THE BOUNDARIES OF ECONOMICS</b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: small;"><b>A Historical Perspective</b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>Collegio Carlo Alberto, Moncalieri (Torino, Italy)</b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>April 16, 2010</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>PIETRO TERNA </b></span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Dipartimento di scienze economiche e finanziarie G. Prato, Università di Torino and ISI</span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</div></div><div style="color: #6fa8dc;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">Complexity and Economics, Reading Notes for a Discussion</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">Basics</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">The complexity manifesto is mostly identified with Anderson (1972) paper “</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">More is different”, where we read: </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 1cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://blogphysica.files.wordpress.com/2006/05/anderson_philip.jpg?w=500" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://blogphysica.files.wordpress.com/2006/05/anderson_philip.jpg?w=500" /></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">(p.393) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">The reductionist hypothesis may still be a topic for controversy among philosophers, but among the great majority of active scientists I think it is accepted without questions. The workings of our minds and bodies, and of all the animate or inanimate matter of which we have any detailed knowledge, are assumed to be controlled by the same set of fundamental laws, which except under certain extreme conditions we feel we know pretty well.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 1cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 1cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">(…)The main fallacy in this kind of thinking is that the reductionist hypothesis does not by any means imply a "constructionist" one: The ability to reduce everything to simple fundamental laws does not imply the ability to start from those laws and reconstruct the universe. In fact, the more the elementary particle physicists tell us about the nature of the fundamental laws, the less relevance they seem to have to the very real problems of the rest of science, much less to those of society. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 1cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">The constructionist hypothesis breaks down when confronted with the twin difficulties of scale and complexity. The behavior of large and complex aggregates of elementary particles, it turns out, is not to be understood in terms of a simple extrapolation of the properties of a few particles. Instead, at each level of complexity entirely new properties appear, and the understanding of the new behaviors requires research which I think is as fundamental in its nature as any other.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 1cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 1cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">(p.396) In closing, I offer two examples from economics of what I hope to have said. Marx said that quantitative differences become qualitative ones, but a dialogue in Paris in the 1920's sums it up even more clearly:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 1cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">FITZGERALD: The rich are different from us.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 1cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">HEMINGWAY: Yes, they have more money.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">… and the dialog is only apparently a joke.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">From the wonderful list of foundational paper about complexity that we can find at <a href="http://www.santafe.edu/library/foundational-papers-complexity-science">this page</a>, let’s have a second basic reference related to the model building perspective. In Rosenblueth and Wiener (1945), the founders of cybernetics, we read:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 1cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">(p. 317) A distinction has already been made between material and formal or intellectual models. A material model is the representation of a complex system by a system which is assumed simpler and which is also assumed to have some properties similar to those selected for study in the original complex system. A formal model is a symbolic assertion in logical terms of an idealized relatively simple situation sharing the structural properties of the original factual system.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 1cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Material models are useful in the following cases. a) They may assist the scientist in replacing a phenomenon in an unfamiliar field by one in a field in which he is more at home. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 1cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">(…) b) A material model may enable the carrying out of experiments under more favorable conditions than would be available in the original system. This translation presumes that there are reasonable grounds for supposing a similarity between the two situations; it thus presupposes the possession of an adequate formal model, with a structure similar to that of the two material systems. The formal model need not be thoroughly comprehended; the material model then serves to supplement the formal one.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 1cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">(p. 319) It is obvious, therefore, that the difference between open-box and closed-box problems, although significant, is one of degree rather than of kind. All scientific problems begin as closed-box problems, i.e., only a few of the significant variables are recognized. Scientific progress consists in a progressive opening of those boxes. The successive addition of terminals or variables, leads to gradually more elaborate theoretical models: hence to a hierarchy in these models, from relatively simple, highly abstract ones, to more complex, more concrete theoretical structures. The setting up of a simple model for a closed-box assumes that a number of variables are only loosely coupled with the rest of those belonging to the system. The success of the initial experiments depends on the validity of that assumption. As the successive models become progressively more sophisticated the number of closed regions may actually and does usually increase, because the process may be compared with the subdivision of an original single box into several smaller shut compartments. Many of these small compartments may be deliberately left closed, because they are considered only functionally, but not structurally important. At an intermediate stage in the course of a scientific inquiry the formal model may thus be a heterogeneous assembly of elements, some treated in detail, that is specifically or structurally, and some treated merely with respect to their overall performance, that is, generically or functionally.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Being cybernetics a root of all our contemporary work in complexity and agent based simulation, it is important to underline the analogy between the ‘material model’ above, which is now the artifact we can construct into a computational system, with more or less open-boxes, to see in a closest way the problem while we are also studying it in a theoretical way.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Why this is more and more important in social science and economics?</span></div></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><span lang="EN-GB"><b>Want to read the full article? Contact us (see RBE Contacts in the <a href="http://boundaries-of-economics.blogspot.com/">home page</a>)</b></span>RBE Boardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17359228670261577319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1879045758585675941.post-17796664958185545112011-01-12T10:47:00.000-08:002011-01-12T10:48:01.463-08:00RBE I Workshop: Francesco Cassata & Roberto Marchionatti, "The Darwin-Babbage Connection. Complexity and Biology in Alfred Marshall"<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: small;">WORKSHOP</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: small;"><b>REVISITING THE BOUNDARIES OF ECONOMICS</b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: small;"><b>A Historical Perspective</b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>Collegio Carlo Alberto, Moncalieri (Torino, Italy)</b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>April 16, 2010</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>FRANCESCO CASSATA, ROBERTO MARCHIONATTI </b> </span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">Department of Economics "S. Cognetti de Martiis", University of Turin</span><br />
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</div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><div style="color: #6fa8dc;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">The Darwin-Babbage Connection. Complexity and Biology in Alfred Marshall</span></b></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-GB">Abstract</span></b><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">“Marshall’s problem” consists in finding a way to integrate physics and biology into economics in order to represent a complex economic world. It is widely believed that Alfred Marshall was the first to address the issue, but he failed to integrate the two methodological approaches into economics. In particular the prevailing view is that Marshall was unable to follow through on his declaration that biology is the “Mecca” of economics. This paper reconsiders “Marshall’s problem” by focusing on the intellectual connections among Darwin, Babbage and Marshall: it explores the relationship between Marshall’s view of complexity as a dialectical mixing of routine and variation and reconstructs the development of a powerful intellectual model that we call the “evolutionary machine”.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><span style="font-size: small;">[forthcoming as </span>"A transdisciplinary perspective on economic complexity. Marshall's problem revisited" <i>Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization</i>]<br />
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</div><div class="ParagrafoelencoCxSpPrimo" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"><i> Introduction</i> </span></div><div class="ParagrafoelencoCxSpMedio" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">The role of biology in Alfred Marshall’s methodology and theoretical analysis is a classic theme, which has been widely investigated by the historians of economic thought. </span></div><div class="ParagrafoelencoCxSpMedio" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">The spectrum of the interpretations includes hitherto three different positions. For some scholars, such as Philip Mirowski, biological analogies did not play any significant role in the intellectual structure of the <i>Principles of Economics</i>. They were introduced strategically just in order to make economics acceptable to a scientific community strongly influenced by the successes of biology.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1879045758585675941#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span></span></a> </span></div><div class="ParagrafoelencoCxSpMedio" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Alfred_Marshall.jpg/200px-Alfred_Marshall.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Alfred_Marshall.jpg/200px-Alfred_Marshall.jpg" /></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">A second interpretation stresses the relevance of biological references in </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Marshall</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">’s vision of economics, particularly underlining the influence of Spencer’s view of social evolution. However, despite this acknowledgment, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Marshall</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">’s attempt to elaborate an “economic biology” is considered a substantial failure. For Brinley Thomas, for example, “economic biology remained promise rather than substance”.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1879045758585675941#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span></span></a> Geoffrey M. Hodgson shares this argument, remarking the impact of Spencerism on </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Marshall</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">’s though: “</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Marshall</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> hitched his wagon to the Spencerian train, but encountered difficulties when Spencer’s prestige declined rapidly from its </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">high point</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> in 1890s”.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1879045758585675941#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span></span></a> Camille Limoges and Claude Ménard, even showing the relevance of </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Darwin</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">’s principle of divergence in </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Marshall</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">’s analysis of industrial organization, end up considering the notion of representative firm as a “regression to pre-Darwinian biology”, as a fundamental shift from a populationist approach to a typological one, which marked “a turning point in the modern history of economics”.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1879045758585675941#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span></span></a> </span></div><div class="ParagrafoelencoCxSpMedio" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">A third, recent interpretation, represented first of all by Tiziano Raffaelli and Simon Cook (but Whitaker, Hart and Niman should be added), identified in Marshall’s seminal idea of the self-development of mental machine - developed in his earlier studies in psychology and neuro-physiology - the core of his vision of economic and social evolution as the gradual absorption of novelties in an increasingly complex structure through successive phases of standardization and specialization.</span></div><div class="ParagrafoelencoCxSpMedio" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Considering particularly fruitful this latter historiographical line, the present paper focuses on Marshall’s methodological issues, moving from his interpretation of complexity as a dialectical succession of routine and variation, order and disorder, machinery and life.</span></div><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><div id="ftn1"><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB"><b>Want to read the full article? Contact us (see RBE Contacts in the <a href="http://boundaries-of-economics.blogspot.com/">home page</a>)</b></span></div></div></div></div>RBE Boardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17359228670261577319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1879045758585675941.post-86161419539082956902011-01-12T10:45:00.001-08:002011-01-12T10:45:49.067-08:00RBE I Workshop: Mario Cedrini, "What Was Keynes Fighting For? A Maussian Perspective of Keynes's Economic Diplomacy"<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: small;">WORKSHOP</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: small;"><b>REVISITING THE BOUNDARIES OF ECONOMICS</b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: small;"><b>A Historical Perspective</b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>Collegio Carlo Alberto, Moncalieri (Torino, Italy)</b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>April 16, 2010</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>MARIO CEDRINI </b> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Dipartimento SEMeQ, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” – Alessandria, Novara, Vercelli</span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><div style="color: #6fa8dc;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">What Was Keynes Fighting For? A Maussian Perspective of Keynes's Economic Diplomacy</span></b></span></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-size: small;">Introduction</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.brogi.info/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/John-Maynard-Keynes-650.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="155" src="http://www.brogi.info/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/John-Maynard-Keynes-650.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="200" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">What was Keynes fighting for? The last volume of Skidelsky’s (2000) biography of John Maynard Keynes has raised a wide debate on the real aims of Keynes’s economic diplomacy in the years of World War II (see in particular Skidelsky 2001, Boughton 2002, De Long 2002, Moggridge 2002, Pressnell 2003, Vines 2003, Turnell and Harcourt 2004, Newton 2006). Skidelsky’s book, John Maynard Keynes. Fighting for Britain 1937-1946, deals mostly with wartime and the negotiations of the Bretton Woods agreement and of the American Loan to a financially exhausted Britain at the end of the war. It discusses “Keynes’s part in Britain’s struggle for survival”, his fight “to preserve Britain as a Great Power against the United States” (Skidelsky 2000, p. xv) and their determination to use financial strength as a means of compelling a weak Britain to dismantle the Empire and take part in the desired free-trade post-war world. The story, in Skidelsky’s (2001, p. xiii) own words, of “Keynes’s patriotism”, of his defence of Britain’s “national interests”, Fighting for Britain sees Keynes as “the Last of the Romans” (De Cecco 1977, p. 18), who attempts to “construct an international economic environment which would help Britain to adjust to a lesser role” (ib., p. 23). A life spent trying to revive London’s pre-war international leadership, Keynes the “history-taker” (ib.) of the years of World War II becomes, in Boughton’s radical interpretation, the “defender of the Empire” (2002, p. 12), his presumed “resistance to multilateralism” being “grounded in the need to preserve Britain’s special status through its central role in the Empire and its bilateral relationship with the United States” (ib.).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The “Fighting for Britain” view is not undisputed. The “good, coherent narrative” (Newton 2000, p. 190) of Keynes’s economic diplomacy offered by Roy Harrod (1951) in his biography of the Cambridge economist is endorsed by scholars who emphasize Keynes’s success in creating a consensus on the need of a new international order, embodying the results of the revolutionary analysis of the General Theory. This line of thought insists on the similarities between White’s and Keynes’s reform plans for the postwar world (Gardner 1980; Ikenberry 1993; De Long 2002) or drives attention on Keynes’s efforts to come to an agreement “even when the sacrifice involved his own proposals” (Williamson 1983, p. 542). Keynes the “British” economist of the “Fighting for Britain” approach is thus replaced by Keynes the “American” economist (Ferrari Bravo 2002) of what could be named the “Fighting despite Britain” view, which sees Keynes fighting for a new enlightened order despite Britain’s difficulties to play a major role in it. Not unexpectedly, a relevant marker distinguishing the two views is the interpretation of Keynes’s role in the American loan negotiations. Whilst the “Fighting for Britain” view regards Keynes’s request for a generous American grant to Britain in 1945 as his drastic attempt to save his country from financial dependence on the U.S., the “Fighting despite Britain” view sees the final result of the negotiations as the tribute Keynes’s political naïveté should necessarily pay to “the greater power of the United States” (De Long 2002, p. 160), rather than a symbol of “American malevolence” (ib.), or even come to describe it, enthusiastically, as “the capstone of the great constructive effort on which [Keynes] embarked in 1941 to create a world-wide multilateral financial system” (Clarke 1982, p. 6). </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The rediscovery of Keynes’s international economics in the times of the financial crisis clearly indicates that the “Fighting despite Britain” is right to consider the establishment of a “sounder political economy between all nations” (CW 25, p. 43) as the real target of Keynes’s theoretical contributions and practical diplomacy. Still, as the supporters of the “Fighting for Britain” approach point out, Keynes’s disappointment with both the final settlement of Bretton Woods and the American Loan can scarcely be undervalued (see Newton 2000). This paper aims to foster an alternative explanation of Keynes’s diplomacy. After revisiting Keynes’s proposals for the 1945 Loan negotiations to the light of his whole work as an international economist committed to the cause of global multilateralism, we suggest rethinking Keynes’s fighting for Britain as a constituent part, not a minor but a major one, of his fighting for the whole world, and the true telltale sign of the defeat of his overall reform project. The novelty of our approach is in the use of insights from the anthropology and sociology of gift-giving as a means of counteracting the traditional tendency to downsize the theoretical relevance of Keynes’s call for an American gift, rather than an American loan, to Britain. A “fighting through Britain” view of Keynes’s diplomacy is thus proposed, which sees Keynes’s heretic request for an American gift to Britain as his last attempt to cope with the dilemmas engendered by the interdependence and complexity which characterize international economic relations, and an unequivocal symbol of his preference for an international order using discipline as a means of promoting freedom and national policy space. </span></div></div><div class="ParagrafoelencoCxSpPrimo" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><div id="ftn1"><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB"><b>Want to read the full article? Contact us (see RBE Contacts in the <a href="http://boundaries-of-economics.blogspot.com/">home page</a>)</b></span></div></div></div></div>RBE Boardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17359228670261577319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1879045758585675941.post-4917853639388549892011-01-12T09:58:00.000-08:002011-01-12T10:37:57.036-08:00RBE I Workshop: Keith Hart, "Marcel Mauss on Gifts, Markets and Money"<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: small;">WORKSHOP</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: small;"><b>REVISITING THE BOUNDARIES OF ECONOMICS</b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: small;"><b>A Historical Perspective</b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>Collegio Carlo Alberto, Moncalieri (Torino, Italy)</b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>April 16, 2010</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>KEITH HART </b> </span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: small;">Goldsmiths, University of London</span></div><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><div style="color: #6fa8dc;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">Marcel Mauss on Gifts, Markets and Money</span></b></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-GB">Excerpt</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">The First World War was more than a watershed; it was an irreversible fissure in modern European history. The state had acquired undreamt of powers in the course of the war: to mobilize and kill off huge armies, to control production and distribution, to monopolize propaganda; from now on it was a struggle between rival state forms for world domination. The claim of Western societies to lead the rest of humanity in reason and civilization had been mortally wounded by the senseless slaughter of the trenches. Life after the war was quite unlike what had gone before. Marcel Mauss, who admitted to a sense of relief when the war first allowed him to escape from his scholarly burdens, took his time to resume his academic and political activities. The death of Émile Durkheim and numerous colleagues during the war took some adjusting to, while some close friends told him it was now time to grow up. So, to a double life as a professor of the religions of uncivilized peoples in the marginal <i>École pratique des hautes études</i> and as a political activist-cum-dilettante, he now had to add responsibility for the movement launched by his uncle at a time when the sociology project still felt rather precarious.</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://hilobrow.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/mauss.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://hilobrow.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/mauss.jpg" width="138" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">Yet the years 1920-25 were packed and fruitful. Mauss’s political party and the Left in general had a real chance of winning power in France and did so in 1924. Two-thirds of his <i>Écrits politiques</i> (Marcel Fournier editor, 1997) were written in this period. He resumed teaching religion at the <i>École pratique</i> and was able to relaunch <i>Année sociologique</i> by the period’s end, contributing to it his most famous essay, on <i>The Gift</i>, as well as “In memoriam: the unpublished work of Durkheim and his collaborators” and a vast amount of work as editor and reviewer. He suffered some reverses at this time, including a serious illness, but remained optimistic for both political and intellectual regeneration on a scale that was increasingly international in scope. He began serious work on a book dealing with the main political currents of the day, nationalism and socialism. His interest in the American “potlatch” was expanded by the publication of Malinowski’s <i>Argonauts of the Western Pacific</i> (1922), confirming his belief that competitive gift-exchange was endemic in Melanesia and Polynesia, as well as elsewhere. And the <i>Institut d’ethnologie</i> was formed in 1925 with Rivet, Lévy-Bruhl and Mauss himself in charge. </span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">In the late 1920s, things began to unravel on all fronts. Mauss’s personal standing as a <i>savant</i> grew inexorably; but his party suffered political reverses, its newspaper and journal folded, the cooperative movement foundered and, after a successor half-volume, the <i>Année sociologique</i> second series ended; his closest friend, Henri Hubert, died in 1927. Perhaps also Mussolini’s example diminished Mauss’s confidence in the prospects for the “nationalization of socialism”. The years 1920-25 therefore stand apart for the energy and fulfillment they brought. Mauss himself kept a sort of Chinese wall between his academic and political interests; so it is not so surprising that the two have been kept apart, especially in the Anglophone world, where his political writings are virtually unknown (but see David Graeber, 2001). Mauss allowed himself one public attempt to bridge them, the concluding chapter of <i>The Gift</i>. Mary Douglas, in her Foreword to the second English edition, is rather dismissive of this chapter. For her, the essay should be seen as a great leap forward in anthropological science, theoretical forerunner of his <i>Manual of Ethnography</i> (Nick Allen editor, 2007) and a suitable launch of his career at the Institute: “his own attempt to use the theory of the gift to underpin social democracy was very weak…really jumping the gun” (1990:xv).</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">I agree that the essay itself does not provide an effective intellectual bridge between the two compartments of Mauss’s life. <i>The Gift</i> approaches the evolution of human exchange as moving through three stages: from a total exchange of services as in moiety systems, through competitive gift-exchange involving political leaders to individual contract, whose illumination (“the non-contractual element in the contract”) was the aim of Durkheim’s <i>Division of Labour in Society</i> (1893), itself the main source for Mauss’s essay. Yet any elaboration of what capitalist markets are really like or even a recapitulation of Durkheim’s main arguments are largely missing here. As a result, the programmatic conclusions float at some remove from the substance of the essay and his successors have been able to suppose that its point really is just to expose the “gift economy” to scholarly view. Mauss himself is responsible for the contrasting interpretations that his essay has generated. Hubert did not spare him at the time: “It is often rather vague…Are you really sure that the development of social insurance can be attached to your ‘human bedrock’, as you say?” (Fournier 2006:244).</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">So, why then take seriously the relationship between Mauss’s sociology and his politics? (Dzimira 2007). Mauss, while tending to his uncle’s legacy, was making a profound break with the latter’s sociological reductionism in these years, opening himself to psychology and the humanities, while espousing a method of “total social facts” which underpins <i>The Gift</i> and figures prominently in those same conclusions. This was just one of the ways he responded to the war. Another was the shift to studying contemporary politics in his (ultimately abortive) “Nation” project. Mauss himself can be seen as a “total social fact” in ways that undoubtedly concerned him and might deserve our attention. I do not claim that his work is a seamless whole; just that it might pay to juxtapose his disparate efforts of this extraordinary period as a way of throwing new light on the meaning of his great essay for us today.</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">So I propose here to examine his journalism in the years, 1920-25, with a view to isolating his views on economy at the time. I will then offer an interpretation of <i>The Gift</i>, particularly as it bears on markets and money, as well as the proposals offered by Mauss there for the management of our societies. The aim is a more integrated account of his economic vision, one that has resonance for our own crisis. Such an exercise goes to the heart of a persisting translation problem which partly accounts for the diverging traditions of Maussian scholarship that we hope to bring together in this conference. When I want to know what Mauss or his main interpreters meant, I read the originals in French. But his work has been ill-served in the ways it has been made available to the Anglophone world. The two published English translations are seriously defective in some important ways, not necessarily because of the translator’s fault, but because key words like <i>prestation</i> and <i>morale</i> are almost impossible to render in English. My aim here is to persuade some English-speakers to take up the body of French scholarship that has not yet been translated, especially his political writings and subsequent commentary on them. In recent years, Marcel Fournier’s indispensable biography has been published in an abridged English edition (<i>Marcel Mauss: a biography</i>, 2006). Accordingly, I will make exclusive reference here to that edition and to the second English translation of <i>The Gift</i>. </span></div></div><div class="ParagrafoelencoCxSpPrimo" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><div id="ftn1"><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB"><b>Want to read the full article? Contact us (see RBE Contacts in the <a href="http://boundaries-of-economics.blogspot.com/">home page</a>)</b></span></div></div></div></div>RBE Boardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17359228670261577319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1879045758585675941.post-40401476867590179142010-09-20T14:36:00.000-07:002010-09-20T14:46:21.801-07:00Complessità e teoria economica<div style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 4pt; padding-right: 4pt; padding-top: 1pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">PRIN 2007</span></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 22pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #76a5af; font-family: Cambria;">COMPLESSITÀ E TEORIA ECONOMICA<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>COMPLEXITY AND ECONOMICS</span></span></i></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">CONVEGNO CONCLUSIVO</span></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">23-24 SETTEMBRE,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>COLLEGIO CARLO ALBERTO, MONCALIERI (TORINO)</span></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Programma </span></span></b></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">23 settembre</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">10 - 13 </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="text-transform: uppercase;">Introduzione </span></i></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Roberto MARCHIONATTI)<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">PERCORSI DELLA COMPLESSITÀ IN ECONOMIA</span></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Stefano FIORI, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Complessità ed economia alle origini della scienza economica. Esiti non newtoniani del discorso smithiano</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Magda FONTANA, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Santa Fe complexity perspective in economics</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Discussants:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pietro TERNA </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Franco DONZELLI</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">14 - 18.30</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">LA COMPLESSITÀ NEI MONDI NEOCLASSICI</span></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="Paragrafoelenco" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">a.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span></i></b><span dir="ltr"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Marshall</span></i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Marco DARDI, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Politics and Psychology of mathematical economics. The case of Alfred Marshall</i></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Francesco CASSATA e Roberto MARCHIONATTI, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Darwin-Babbage connection. Complexity and biology in Alfred Marshall</i></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Discussant: Tiziano RAFFAELLI </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">b.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gli Austriaci</span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Giandomenica BECCHIO, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Menger, Hayek e la teoria della complessità</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt;"><br />
</div><div class="Paragrafoelenco" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;"> c.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span></i></b><span dir="ltr"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Pareto</span></i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Fiorenzo MORNATI, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Complessità ed economia. La sociologia di Vilfredo Pareto</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Discussant b. e c.: Stefano FIORI </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">24 settembre</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">9 – 14</span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">LA COMPLESSITÀ NEI MONDI NEOCLASSICI<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(continua)</span></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">d.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span></i></b><span dir="ltr"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Su alcune questioni della teorizzazione neoclassica</span></i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Ivan MOSCATI, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Were early marginalists cardinalists? On the notion of measurement in utility theory, 1870-1910 ca.</i></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">Franco DONZELLI, <em>Hicks on Walrasian Equilibrium in the 1930s and Beyond</em></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.3pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Discussant: Fiorenzo MORNATI</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Keynes e la complessità</span></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Roberto MARCHIONATTI, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">J. M. Keynes thinker of complexity</i></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Anna CARABELLI e Mario CEDRINI, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Keynes and the ethics of international relations</i></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Discussant: Marco DARDI </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Carlo CRISTIANO</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">COMPLESSITà E MERCATI FINANZIARI</span></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Lino SAU, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Instability and crisis in financial complex systems</i></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Discussant: Anna CARABELLI </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">DISCUSSIONE FINALE</span></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"></div><br />
<strong><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: x-small;">COLLEGIO CARLO ALBERTO</span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: x-small;">VIA REAL COLLEGIO 30, MONCALIERI (TORINO)</span></strong><br />
<iframe frameborder="0" height="300" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.it/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=it&geocode=&q=via+real+collegio+30,+moncalieri&sll=41.442726,12.392578&sspn=16.355419,39.418945&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=Via+Real+Collegio,+30,+10024+Moncalieri+Torino,+Piemonte&ll=45.000253,7.684851&spn=0.018207,0.025749&z=14&iwloc=A&output=embed" width="300"></iframe><br />
<small><a href="http://maps.google.it/maps?f=q&source=embed&hl=it&geocode=&q=via+real+collegio+30,+moncalieri&sll=41.442726,12.392578&sspn=16.355419,39.418945&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=Via+Real+Collegio,+30,+10024+Moncalieri+Torino,+Piemonte&ll=45.000253,7.684851&spn=0.018207,0.025749&z=14&iwloc=A" style="color: blue; text-align: left;">Visualizzazione ingrandita della mappa</a></small>RBE Boardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17359228670261577319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1879045758585675941.post-79284287790310223502010-09-20T05:52:00.000-07:002011-04-02T09:16:29.686-07:00Workshop<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: 16pt;">WORKSHOP</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: 16pt;"><b>REVISITING THE BOUNDARIES OF ECONOMICS</b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'; font-size: 16pt;"><b>A Historical Perspective</b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>Collegio Carlo Alberto, Moncalieri (Torino, Italy)</b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>April 16, 2010</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>9.30-13.30</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b><u>On Creativity and Rationality</u></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>Robert Leonard</b> (Montreal, Torino-ICER)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">Karl Menger’s modernism: aesthetics,</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"> </span><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">politics and social science</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">Discussant: </span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>Marco Dardi</b> (Firenze)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>Bruna Ingrao</b> (Roma)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">The imaginative faculty. Cognition in the arts versus </span></i><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">rationality in economics</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">Discussant: </span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>Stefano Fiori</b> (Torino)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b><u>On Paradigms and Revolutions</u></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>Vincenzo Crupi</b> (Firenze) </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"></span><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">Progress and revolutions in economics:</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"> </span><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">The legacy of a debate</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">Discussant: </span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>Nicola Giocoli</b> (Pisa)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>14.30-18.30</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b><u>On Complexity and Evolution</u></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>Pietro Terna</b> (Torino)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><i><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">Complexity and economics</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><i><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">Discussant: </span></i><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>Enrico Scalas</b> (Piemonte Orientale)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>Francesco Cassata, Roberto Marchionatti</b> (Torino)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"></span><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">The Darwin-Babbage connection.</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"> </span><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">Complexity and biology in Alfred Marshall</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">Discussant: </span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>Telmo Pievani</b> (Milano)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b><u>On Gift and Exchange</u></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>Mario Cedrini</b> (Piemonte Orientale)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">A Maussian perspective of Keynes’s economic diplomacy</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>Keith Hart</b> (London)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"></span><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">Marcel Mauss on gifts, markets and money</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">Discussant: </span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>Giandomenica Becchio</b> (Torino)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b><u>Website</u></b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><a href="http://www.carloalberto.org/doctorates.html">www.carloalberto.org/doctorates.html</a></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center;"><br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b><u>Contacts<i></i></u></b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>Francesco Cassata </b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">(Dipartimento di Economia “S. Cognetti de Martiis” - <a href="mailto:francesco.cassata@unito.it">francesco.cassata@unito.it</a></span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">)</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';"><b>Leanne Duggan </b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype';">(Collegio Carlo Alberto - <a href="mailto:leanne.duggan@carloalberto.org%29">leanne.duggan@carloalberto.org)</a></span></div></div>RBE Boardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17359228670261577319noreply@blogger.com0